Hunting

Hunting
Clifton P. Flynn found that (2002) "at least for this sample, hunting related to harming animals in the wild and to property damage but not to other forms of animal abuse or violence against humans."  Carlisle-Frank et al (2004) also concluded "hunting appears unrelated to the abuse of a companion animal." (p. 4). 

As a result, hunting--as a culturally condonned activity--is often excluded from the definition of animal cruelty (Tallicet et al, 2005). Although non-"sporting" and illegal acts of hunting such as freeze-killing (night shooting with a shotgun; Green 2002) would not be excluded.

A rich mythology connects veneration of the wild and animals, with hunting and--in some cases--femininity (Singh, 2001).  However hunting is predominantly pursued by males rather than female in a ration of approximately 8 to 1 (Herzog, 2007).  

Hunting, up to the modern day, typically often involves a strong sense of being an integral part of the natural world rather than merely an exploiter of it (Franklin, 2001).

Hunting Bibliography:

• Carlisle-Frank, P., Frank, J.M., Nielsen, L. (2004). Selective battering of the family pet. Anthrozoos 17, 26-41.
• Flynn, C.P. (2002). Hunting and illegal violence against humans and other animals: exploring the relationship. Society and Animals, 10, 137-154.
• Franklin, A. Neo-Darwinian leisures, the body and nature: hunting and angling in modernity. Body and Society, 7, 57-76.
• Green, G.S. (2002). The other criminalities of animal-freeze-killers: support for a generality of deviance. Society and Animals, 10, 5-30.
• Herzog, H.A. (2007). Gender differences in human-animal interactions: a review. Anthrozoos 20, 7-21.
• Singh, K.S. (2001). Gender roles in history: women as hunters. Gender, Technology and Development, 5, 113-124.